Sansui County is located in the eastern part of Guizhou Province, in the northeastern region of Qiandongnan Prefecture. It has a total land area of 1,030 square kilometers, comprising 7 towns, 2 townships, 2 sub-districts, 90 central villages, 9 residential communities, and 1 provincial-level economic development zone. The county has a total population of 232,800, with 14 indigenous minority groups, including the Miao and Dong ethnic groups, accounting for 69.1% of the total population, making it a county with a high concentration of minority groups. The county has a forest coverage rate of 68.45% and an urbanization rate of 57.6%.

The county boasts a rich and profound cultural history. It was originally established as Qiongshui County during the Song Dynasty in the first year of the Daguang era (AD 1107). In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), it was renamed Sansui County due to the abundant autumn harvest, with each stalk of rice yielding three ears. Over the centuries, the various ethnic groups within the county have lived in unity, harmony, and mutual respect, giving rise to a diverse, inclusive, and open historical and cultural character. It is also the hometown of General Yang Zhicheng, the “Father of Logistics” of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the only Marshal of the People's Republic of China from the province.

Its geographical location offers significant advantages. Situated at the geographical center of three major regional cities—Tongren City, Kaili City in Guizhou Province, and Huaihua City in Hunan Province—it serves as an important gateway from Hunan into Guizhou, acting as Guizhou's frontline outpost connecting to the central and eastern regions of China, and as the vanguard of Guizhou's “Eastern Expansion Strategy.” The county is crisscrossed by the Shanghai-Kunming Expressway, the Sanli Expressway, the Sanshi Expressway, National Highway G320, and Provincial Highway S310, all of which converge at the county seat. The Shanghai-Kunming High-Speed Railway passes through the county with a station, and it has been historically known as the “Strategic Stronghold of Eastern Guizhou” and the “Gateway to the Thousand-Mile Miao Region.”

The county is endowed with abundant natural resources. It boasts diverse biological resources, including the Sanxiu Duck, one of China's renowned local duck breeds and a nationally protected geographical indication product, earning it the titles of “Hometown of the Mala Duck” and “Hometown of the Bamboo Hat.” The bamboo weaving craftsmanship is exquisite. In 1972, a straw hat from Wazhai was presented as a state gift to U.S. President Nixon during his visit to China. The county is designated by the Ministry of Culture as the “Chinese Folk Bamboo Weaving Cultural and Artistic Homeland.” It is also renowned for its unique specialty products such as gray alkaline rice cakes, rice noodles, and Liangshang rice, earning it the title of “Food Paradise”; The area is rich in mineral resources, including vanadium, manganese, and uranium mines with proven reserves and high grades.

The ecological environment is beautiful and livable. It belongs to the North Subtropical Mild and Humid Monsoon Climate Zone, with mild winters, cool summers, and rainfall coinciding with the growing season. The annual average temperature is 14.9°C, with a frost-free period of 290–300 days per year, an average annual precipitation of 1,147 millimeters, and an air quality compliance rate of 99.7%. It is a “Provincial Forest City” and a true “natural oxygen bar” and ecologically livable “beautiful peach garden.”

The area is rich in ethnic cultural traditions. It features the ancient and vibrant Miao ethnic group's “February 2nd” Bridge-Worship Festival, the Liangshang “June 6th” Festival, and the Bayi “Earth King Wu” Festival. It also hosts the colorful Dong ethnic group's “Night Banquet,” the Northern Dong Culture Festival, and the Kuan Culture Festival, among other traditional ethnic cultural festivals, which are diverse and vibrant.

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