Anlong County is situated at the junction of Guizhou and Guangxi provinces, covering a land area of 2,237 square kilometers (approximately 3.356 million mu). It administers 15 towns (subdistricts) and 191 villages (residential communities). As of 2024, its registered population stands at 495,400, with a permanent resident population of 372,500. The county is predominantly inhabited by ethnic minorities including the Buyi, Miao, Tujia, Dong, Yi, Gelao, and Shui peoples, who collectively constitute 47.25% of the total population. With an average annual temperature of 15.3°C (59.5°F) and annual precipitation of 1,256 mm (49.6 inches), the frost-free period extends to 288 days. Its perpetually spring-like climate and pleasant weather have earned it the nickname “Little Spring City.”

The county boasts profound cultural heritage. Human activity traces back to the late Paleolithic era, approximately 12,000 years ago. Its history is well-documented since the Han Dynasty. During the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty, it emerged as a pivotal hub at the junction of Guizhou, Guangxi, and Yunnan provinces. By the Ming-Qing transition period, it had become a major stronghold in southwest Guizhou, serving as the region's political, economic, and cultural center. The Southern Ming Yongli court relocated to Anlong, establishing its capital here for four years. As the only place in Guizhou's history to host an imperial capital, it earned the title “Dragon City.” This fertile land gave rise to prominent historical figures: Zhang Zhidong, the father of China's heavy industry; loyal officials and scholars like Wu Zhenyu; the renowned border-defending general Zhao Guoling, the Deputy Commander of the Wuchang Uprising Wang Xianzhang, and the Commander-in-Chief of the Five Provinces' Allied Forces Yuan Zuming. These pivotal figures of their era inscribed numerous brilliant chapters in the annals of history, leaving behind rich historical and cultural resources such as the Zhao Causeway, the Ming Dynasty Eighteen Scholars Shrine, the Xingyi Prefecture Examination Hall, and the Southern Ming Yongli Imperial Palace.

The natural scenery is enchanting. With its rich ethnic cultural heritage and abundant historical and cultural landscapes, it is renowned as a place of “three thousand years of culture, three hundred years of lotus flowers, and thirty scenic wonders.” Within its borders lie the marvelous Dushang Cave Cluster, the towering Longtou Mountain, the lush Xianheping National Forest Park, the Zhaodi National Wetland Park with its three-century-old lotus blooms, and the picturesque Wanfeng Lake, hailed as a “landscape painting.” Through historical accumulation and sustained development, Anlong has earned numerous accolades: National Martial Arts Homeland, China's Wood Grain Stone Homeland, China's Paper-Cutting Powder Homeland, China's First Mountain Outdoor Sports (Demonstration) Park, China's Top 50 Most Beautiful Small Cities, China's Cultural Ecotourism Demonstration Site, Guizhou's Historical and Cultural City, and Guizhou's Ecological Civilization Demonstration County.

Rich in ethnic traditions, Wanfeng Lake Town along the Nanpan River preserves the pristine Buyi “Eight-Tone Seated Singing”—hailed as a “living fossil of sound”—alongside ancient papermaking techniques. Xiangchehe Ethnic Village safeguards traditional hand-water-ground incense craftsmanship, while Datang Ethnic Village, nicknamed “Fossil Village,” preserves intangible cultural heritage like Buyi martial arts. The region carries forward distinctive folk cultures such as Buyi mountain songs, Miao bench dance, and Miao acrobatic skills. Anlong Qian Opera, Buyi martial arts, the “Song Festival of the Mao Shan Tree,” and the “Miao Bench Dance” have been included in the provincial intangible cultural heritage protection list.

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